{"id":15187,"date":"2024-03-15T10:45:42","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T14:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/?p=15187"},"modified":"2024-03-15T10:45:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T14:45:42","slug":"nouveau-rapport-impact-immigrants-temporaires-quebec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/actualites\/nouveau-rapport-impact-immigrants-temporaires-quebec\/","title":{"rendered":"Un nouveau rapport sur l\u2019impact des immigrants temporaires au Qu\u00e9bec"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span>Le 26\u00a0f\u00e9vrier 2024, l\u2019Institut du Qu\u00e9bec (IDQ) a publi\u00e9 un rapport sur l\u2019immigration temporaire\u00a0intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u2009L\u2019impact des immigrants temporaires sur le march\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi au Qu\u00e9bec\u00a0: mieux comprendre pour mieux agir\u2009\u00bb. Que nous apprend-il\u2009? <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Alors que les politiques publiques ont permis l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un nombre record de r\u00e9sidents temporaires, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des entreprises \u00e0 la recherche de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre, le rapport pose deux questions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>La premi\u00e8re revient \u00e0 interroger, avec le recul, la port\u00e9e des mesures en faveur de l\u2019immigration temporaire sur l\u2019arrimage entre l\u2019immigration et l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>La seconde, qui en d\u00e9coule en partie, s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 la pratique qui consiste \u00e0 ne consid\u00e9rer que l\u2019immigration permanente dans le calcul des seuils annuels, qui revient \u00e0 penser l\u2019immigration \u00ab\u2009en silos\u2009\u00bb, qui fausse l\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019impact r\u00e9el des entr\u00e9es sur la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil de la province. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span>Explosion de l\u2019immigration temporaire<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9j\u00e0 largement \u00e9voqu\u00e9s depuis quelques mois sont appuy\u00e9s par les faits et chiffres. Parmi eux, le nombre de personnes titulaires d\u2019un permis de travail temporaire, qui a largement augment\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, passant de 43\u2009770 en 2015 \u00e0 167\u2009435 en 2023 au Qu\u00e9bec. C\u2019est sans compter les \u00e9tudiants \u00e9trangers, au nombre de 117\u2009745 l\u2019an dernier au Qu\u00e9bec et les demandeurs d\u2019asile, ce qui donne un total de 528\u2009034\u00a0personnes au statut temporaire. Ainsi, les r\u00e9sidents temporaires accueillis en 2023 \u00e9taient plus nombreux que les r\u00e9sidents permanents. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>1,8\u00a0% de la population qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise sont des r\u00e9sidents temporaires, contre 1,9\u00a0% pour l\u2019ensemble du Canada. Cependant, au Qu\u00e9bec, la population grandissante a soulev\u00e9 de nombreux d\u00e9bats sur la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil de la province en mati\u00e8re de logement ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services publics. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019explosion de l\u2019immigration temporaire, les gouvernements semblent vouloir faire marche arri\u00e8re, \u00e0 l\u2019image, par exemple, <\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/actualites\/plafond-temporaire-etudiants-etrangers\/#:~:text=Des%20plafonds%20pour%20l'accueil,35%20%25%20par%20rapport%20%C3%A0%202023.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">du plafond instaur\u00e9 pour deux ans du nombre de permis d\u2019\u00e9tudes d\u00e9livr\u00e9s<\/a><\/span><span>.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Cette augmentation s\u2019explique notamment par les politiques publiques mises en place pour attirer les travailleurs \u00e9trangers, mais aussi pour permettre aux entreprises d\u2019acc\u00e9der plus facilement \u00e0 un bassin \u00e9largi de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre, \u00e0 l\u2019heure des changements d\u00e9mographiques et des nombreux d\u00e9parts \u00e0 la retraite \u2014 sans oublier les multiples mesures instaur\u00e9es apr\u00e8s la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 pour relancer l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Ainsi, employeurs et \u00e9tablissements d\u2019enseignement secondaire ont largement augment\u00e9 leur proportion de personnes immigrantes (travailleurs et \u00e9tudiants). <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span>Un soutien global \u00e0\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, cela a fonctionn\u00e9. L\u2019immigration a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 all\u00e9ger la perte des d\u00e9parts \u00e0 la retraite et stabiliser la d\u00e9mographie. De plus, des secteurs en difficult\u00e9 comptent beaucoup sur les travailleurs temporaires, comme la fabrication (16\u00a0% de la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre), le commerce de gros et de d\u00e9tail (12\u00a0%) et l\u2019h\u00e9bergement et la restauration (9\u00a0%). Et, naturellement, si une personne immigrante est certes un usager suppl\u00e9mentaire des services publics, elle est aussi une consommatrice de biens et services qui contribue au dynamisme de la communaut\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Seulement, les mesures mises en place pour arrimer les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques des entreprises \u00e0 l\u2019immigration ne sont pas celles qui ont attir\u00e9 le plus. En effet, 59\u2009820\u00a0personnes sont arriv\u00e9es via le Programme des travailleurs \u00e9trangers temporaires (PTET), contre 107\u2009615\u00a0venues gr\u00e2ce au Programme de mobilit\u00e9 internationale (PMI), qui int\u00e9resse plut\u00f4t des travailleurs qualifi\u00e9s sans forc\u00e9ment correspondre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie (en dehors bien s\u00fbr de <a href=\"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/actualites\/ptet-liste-professions-traitement-simplifie-quebec\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professions admissibles au traitement simplifi\u00e9<\/a>). Ce sont cependant des personnes ayant de hautes comp\u00e9tences qui permettent au Qu\u00e9bec de se d\u00e9marquer \u00e0 l\u2019international. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Presque la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019entre elles sont des dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s canadiens qui souhaitaient travailler au Qu\u00e9bec. Autant de personnes qui remplissent tous les crit\u00e8res pour obtenir la r\u00e9sidence permanente et s\u2019int\u00e9grer au mieux dans la province. En 2023, les d\u00e9tenteurs d\u2019un permis gr\u00e2ce au PMI repr\u00e9sentaient 75\u00a0% des personnes ayant obtenu la r\u00e9sidence permanente \u00e0 partir d\u2019un statut temporaire au Qu\u00e9bec.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span>Des lacunes en sant\u00e9 et dans la construction<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Cependant, le rapport pointe du doigt qu\u2019en d\u00e9pit de cette hausse, les secteurs de la construction, du social et de la sant\u00e9 demeurent en difficult\u00e9. Par exemple, le PTET est peu utilis\u00e9 dans la sant\u00e9, alors que l\u2019agriculture y a fortement recours (23\u00a0% des permis en 2023 sont dans ce secteur) ou la manufacture. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Des lacunes qui peuvent s\u2019expliquer par \u00ab\u2009une r\u00e9glementation plus complexe et contraignante qui entrave le recrutement de travailleurs \u00e9trangers et la reconnaissance de leurs comp\u00e9tences\u2009\u00bb, selon le rapport. Car la situation est pire au Qu\u00e9bec qu\u2019en Colombie-Britannique ou en Ontario dans le secteur de la construction par exemple. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>L\u2019IDQ n\u2019\u00e9tablit pas de seuil optimal l\u2019\u00e9conomie du Qu\u00e9bec, mais constate qu\u2019une hausse de l\u2019immigration n\u2019am\u00e8ne pas n\u00e9cessairement une hausse du niveau de vie collectif. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span>Pistes de r\u00e9flexion<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Face \u00e0 ces enjeux, les auteurs du rapport proposent des id\u00e9es pour des \u00ab\u2009politiques d\u2019immigration plus coh\u00e9rentes\u2009\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Parmi elles, citons les suivantes\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Mieux anticiper et encadrer l\u2019immigration temporaire. Plus que de fixer des seuils pour l\u2019immigration permanente, il est recommand\u00e9 de mieux coordonner les diff\u00e9rents programmes. Aligner les deux formes d\u2019immigration. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Mieux int\u00e9grer le tremplin entre permis temporaire et r\u00e9sidence permanente, qui n\u2019est pas toujours simple actuellement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Mieux arrimer les profils aux secteurs en difficult\u00e9, comme la sant\u00e9 et la construction, et surtout aux besoins \u00e0 long terme du Qu\u00e9bec. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Disposer de meilleures donn\u00e9es sur les immigrants temporaires pour am\u00e9liorer les analyses et mieux pr\u00e9voir l\u2019immigration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/institutduquebec.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IDQ-202402-TRAVAILLEURSETRANGERS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pour acc\u00e9der au rapport<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/institutduquebec.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CP-IDQ-202402-TRAVAILLEURSETRANGERS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pour acc\u00e9der au communiqu\u00e9<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Photo : Brandon Green<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Que nous apprend le rapport de l&rsquo;IDQ concernant l\u2019impact des immigrants temporaires sur le march\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi au Qu\u00e9bec ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3463,"featured_media":15188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15187","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualites","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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