{"id":21270,"date":"2025-07-07T15:19:39","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T19:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/?p=21270"},"modified":"2025-07-07T15:55:48","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T19:55:48","slug":"le-quebec-libre-histoire-du-separatisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/conseils-d-experts\/le-quebec-libre-histoire-du-separatisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Le \u00ab\u00a0Qu\u00e9bec libre\u00a0\u00bb : Petite histoire du s\u00e9paratisme"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Le s\u00e9paratisme qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, ou souverainisme, est un mouvement dont l\u2019aspiration premi\u00e8re et de voir le Qu\u00e9bec devenir un \u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant, s\u00e9par\u00e9 du reste du Canada. Le d\u00e9sir d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de certains Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois ne date pas d\u2019hier\u00a0: il s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au fil du temps autour des diff\u00e9rences culturelles, linguistiques et historiques entre les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois francophones et la majorit\u00e9 anglophone du Canada.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tout commence en 1760, quand les Britanniques prennent le contr\u00f4le de la Nouvelle-France. M\u00eame si le Qu\u00e9bec passe sous domination anglaise, les Canadiens fran\u00e7ais gardent leur langue, leur religion (catholicisme) et leurs traditions. Une certaine distance se cr\u00e9e alors entre eux et le reste du pays. Au 19e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, des tensions politiques m\u00e8nent \u00e0 des r\u00e9bellions, notamment celle des Patriotes (1837-1838), qui veulent plus d\u2019autonomie. Ces mouvements \u00e9chouent, mais ils marquent le d\u00e9but d\u2019une volont\u00e9 des Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de se faire entendre en tant que peuple distinct.<\/span><\/p>

Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le Qu\u00e9bec conna\u00eet de grands changements sociaux et culturels, \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es\u00a01960\u00a0: c\u2019est la R\u00e9volution tranquille. Le gouvernement provincial prend en charge plusieurs domaines importants, comme l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la sant\u00e9, et les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois commencent \u00e0 parler plus ouvertement d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance. En 1968, Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque fonde le Parti qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (PQ), qui souhaite faire du Qu\u00e9bec un pays, mais de fa\u00e7on pacifique et d\u00e9mocratique. En 1976, le PQ remporte les \u00e9lections provinciales, une grande victoire pour les souverainistes<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Deux r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums, deux refus<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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En 1980, le Parti qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois organise un premier r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum pour demander aux Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois s\u2019ils veulent que le Qu\u00e9bec devienne souverain, tout en gardant un lien avec le Canada\u00a0: environ 60\u00a0% des \u00e9lecteurs r\u00e9pondent \u00ab\u2009non\u2009\u00bb. En 1995, un deuxi\u00e8me r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum est organis\u00e9, cette fois sur une vraie s\u00e9paration du Canada. La campagne est tr\u00e8s serr\u00e9e et passionn\u00e9e. Le camp du \u00ab\u2009non\u2009\u00bb gagne encore, mais de justesse\u00a0: 50,6\u00a0% contre 49,4\u00a0%. C\u2019est un moment fort de l\u2019histoire du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/span><\/p>

Depuis ce deuxi\u00e8me r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum, l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance est moins pr\u00e9sente dans la politique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise. D\u2019autres enjeux, comme l\u2019\u00e9conomie, l\u2019environnement et la question de l\u2019immigration, sont devenus plus importants. Le PQ a perdu de l\u2019influence, et de nouveaux partis ont pris de d\u00e9fendre les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Qu\u00e9bec, sans pour autant vouloir l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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De l\u2019\u00e9cho dans le reste du pays<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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La volont\u00e9 d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance trouve aussi de l\u2019\u00e9cho dans d\u2019autres provinces du Canada. En Alberta, par exemple, des manifestations ont eu lieu cette ann\u00e9e en ce sens. Les Albertains, plut\u00f4t conservateurs, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9\u00e7us de l\u2019\u00e9lection du lib\u00e9ral Mark Carney \u00e0 la t\u00eate du pays, en avril 2025. Le parti lib\u00e9ral ne soutient pas assez \u00e0 leur sens les secteurs gaziers et p\u00e9troliers, moteurs de l\u2019\u00e9conomie albertaine. 36\u00a0% des habitants de la province seraient en effet favorables \u00e0 une sortie de l\u2019Alberta du Canada.<\/span><\/p>

Au Qu\u00e9bec, si l\u2019id\u00e9e de faire de la province un pays est moins populaire aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019elle ne l\u2019\u00e9tait dans les ann\u00e9es\u00a01980-1990, elle fait toujours partie de l\u2019identit\u00e9 des Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois et continue d\u2019alimenter les discussions sur l\u2019avenir de la province. Aujourd\u2019hui, pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des 18-34\u00a0ans appuieraient d\u2019ailleurs la souverainet\u00e9\u2026 Un d\u00e9bat qui n\u2019est donc pas encore clos.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Photo\u00a0: Brina Blum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le d\u00e9sir d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de certains Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au fil du temps entre la minorit\u00e9 francophone et les anglophones du Canada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3469,"featured_media":21271,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21270","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-conseils-d-experts","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe \u00ab\u00a0Qu\u00e9bec libre\u00a0\u00bb : Petite histoire du s\u00e9paratisme - Immigrant Qu\u00e9bec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le d\u00e9sir d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de certains Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au fil du temps entre la minorit\u00e9 francophone et les anglophones du Canada.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/immigrantquebec.com\/fr\/conseils-d-experts\/le-quebec-libre-histoire-du-separatisme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le \u00ab\u00a0Qu\u00e9bec libre\u00a0\u00bb : Petite histoire du s\u00e9paratisme - 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